HOW JUDGMENTS FUNCTION IN REASONING.--Such a line of thinking is very
common to everyone, and one that we carry out in one form or another a
thousand times every day we live. When we come to look closely at the
steps involved in arriving at a conclusion, we detect a series of
judgments--often not very logically arranged, to be sure, but yet so
related that the result is safely reached in the end. We compare our
concept of, say, the first route and our concept of picturesqueness,
decide they agree, and affirm the judgment, 'This route is picturesque.'
Likewise we arrive at the judgment, 'This route is also expensive, it is
interesting, etc.' Then we take the other routes and form our judgments
concerning them. These judgments are all related to each other in some
way, some of them being more intimately related than others. Which
judgments remain as the significant ones, the ones which are used to
solve the problem finally, depends on which concepts are the most vital
for us with reference to the ultimate end in view. If time is the chief
element, then the form of our reasoning would be something like this:
'Two of the routes require more than three days: hence I must take the
third route.' If economy is the important end, the solution would be as
follows: 'Two routes cost more than $1,000; I cannot afford to pay more
than $800; I therefore must patronize the third route.'
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